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8
Hydraulic Design of Unconventional Sewerage. |
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As a preface to the discussion of unconventional systems, there should be a definition of what is meant by a conventional system. Conventional sewerage is taken to be that which serves the major cities and towns of most European countries. With some exceptions, such as post-war new towns in the UK, these systems have evolved and developed over many years. An historical perspective is therefore beneficial, to understand why and how the systems were designed. As all engineering and technology should be applied in an appropriate way, it is worth examining the roots of conventional practice, to determine which criteria remain appropriate in other contexts. With this in mind, conventional practice in the UK is described, with some initial comments on the historical development of sewerage in London. |
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8.2
Historical Discussion |
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The concept of a foul sewer is a relatively modern idea. The term sewer was originally derived from land drainage. Many of London's main sewers originated as culverted water courses that initially carried only surface water. Households were served by cesspools, or might simply deposit their waste in the streets. Originally it was an offence to discharge waste to the 'river sewers', but later practice changed. Individual cesspools were abandoned, and many dwellings were connected to the sewers, which at the time drained directly into the River Thames. Conti- |
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