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Development of Community Organizations |
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The Faisalabad experience suggests that lane sewers are a good vehicle for the development of cooperation at the lane level, and there are already cases where cooperation on sewer schemes has led groups to develop further proposals, both at the lane level and, in conjunction with other lane groups, at the neighbourhood level. |
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4.4.2
Scope for Community Involvement. |
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As has already been indicated, the Orangi situation includes some factors which are often not found elsewhere. In particular, the topography means that local sewers are not dependent on the existence of collector sewers. OPP is also unusual in that it is led by an unusually charismatic founder and has a core team of dedicated professionals. Is community involvement in sewerage provision replicable? Various reports (for example, Balfours and Engineering Consultants, 1987; GHK and WEDC, 1991) have described examples in Pakistan of community-built sewers connected to either government collector sewers or open drains. There are many examples of community-built sewers in one of the FAUP pilot areas in Faisalabad. However, some of these sewers are provided with insufficient fall and are poorly constructed so that they block frequently and are generally unsatisfactory. Experiences such as this lead some professionals to assume that sewerage is too complicated to be planned and implemented using community resources. For instance, sewerage was specifically excluded from the range of tasks considered to be suitable using community contracting procedures in the Million Houses Programme in Sri Lanka (Yap 1993). The experience in Faisalabad suggests that this is not true for local (lane level) sewers, provided that there is a sewer or drain at a suitable level to which the local sewer can discharge. |
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This leads to the important conclusion that it is possible for community groups to manage the construction of local (tertiary level) sewers with some external technical assistance but that government and its professionals must take the prime responsibility for overall planning and the provision of primary and secondary sewers and treatment facilities. In other words, they |
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